How a dog’s breed influences behaviour and personality

When choosing a dog, did you focus on size, coat type, or merely the way they look? What about breed-specific behaviour? A dog's personality, energy level, and their little quirks are a combination of their genetics and their early experiences, and can be influenced by their breed. From the feisty independence of terriers to the playful nature of retrievers, breed tendencies play a huge role in how a dog behaves.

So, if you've ever wondered, "What makes terriers so feisty and independent?" or "Why are retrievers so friendly?" - you’re in the right place. Read on to see how breed influences a dog’s behaviour, and what that means for potential owners.

Why do breeds have specific behavioural traits?

Dogs were originally bred for specific jobs - whether that was hunting, herding, retrieving, or companionship. These instincts still show up today, even in pet dogs.

For example:

1. Herding breeds(e.g.Border Collies, Australian Shepherds)

   These tend to be high-energy, intelligent, and focused dogs. They may try to "herd" children or other pets. They are bred to work closely with their handler and to take instruction. Their focus means that sometimes they can become prone to obsessive behaviours like car chasing or shadow chasing. They are simply herding those things - not being “naughty” . It’s vital to give these dogs a “job” to do.

2. Retrievers(e.g. Labrador, Golden Retriever, Spaniel)

   These are social, eager to please dogs, and love carrying things in their mouth - thanks to their history as hunting partners. This can often manifest itself as “stealing” items - and parading them around - they’re not being naughty they are simply doing what their genes are telling them to do! Teach them to retrieve items to you instead.

3. Terriers(e.g. Jack Russell, Scottish Terrier)

   These are bold, independent dogs who are full of energy. This is because they were bred to hunt rodents and work alone. They can be prone to inappropriate digging and destroying items if their needs are not met - give them things like cardboard or other items to shred or even their own sandpit where they can dig away to their hearts content!

4. Toy breeds (e.g. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Maltese)

   These are affectionate, people-oriented dogs who thrive on companionship, making them great lap dogs.

Of course, all dogs are individuals and have their own personalities ( just like us humans!) but understanding their breed traits can help dog owners better meet their dog’s needs, and avoid frustration when natural instincts come into play.

What makes terriers so feisty and independent?

If you’ve ever owned a terrier, you know they’re small but mighty. Their fearless nature and boundless energy can be both charming and challenging.

Why are they like this?

Terriers were bred to hunt and eliminate vermin, a job that required quick thinking, determination, and zero hesitation.

As a result, they often:

• Have a high prey drive

• Are fearless and independent (they like doing things their way)

• Need a job or activity to stay out of trouble

• Are brave and full of personality, despite their small size

While terriers make loyal and entertaining companions, they thrive with owners who understand their nature and provide structured training.

Choosing the right dog based on breed traits

If you're looking for a dog, it helps to ask:

• Do I want a high-energy dog or a relaxed companion?

• Am I prepared for a dog with strong instincts (herding, chasing, digging)

• Does this breed fit my lifestyle (exercise needs, training requirements, space)?

Here are a few dog breeds with specific behavioural traits that might match different personalities:

• For active owners: Border Collies, Jack Russell Terriers, Australian Shepherds

• For family-friendly vibes: Golden Retrievers, Cavaliers, Labrador Retrievers

• For independent but fun-loving dogs: Dachshunds, Corgis

• For low-maintenance chill: Bulldogs, Basset Hounds, Greyhounds

Thinking of getting a dog?

It’s worth taking the time to do your research - meet different breeds, chat with owners, and think about what kind of personality would suit your lifestyle. After all, a happy dog starts with the right match.

Here’s my guide on choosing the right puppy.

Final Thoughts

Every dog is unique, but breed tendencies matter when it comes to energy levels, personality, and instincts. By understanding breed-specific behaviour, you can choose a dog that fits your lifestyle and set them up for success with proper training and enrichment.

If you already have a dog and are interested in learning more about what motivates them, and how you can supercharge their training, you can find my free breed guide here.

Are you thinking of welcoming a dog into your family? Would you like advice on which breed would be most suited to your lifestyle?

You’ll find a link here to book a free, no obligation call to discuss your training requirements.